Angular displacement measuring encoder is one of the most important measuring tools in the automated systems، industries and machine tools. In many of manufacturing and production processes، rotary encoders are used as reliable tools for precise positioning. In this study، a new Capacitive-type rotary encoder with un-tethered rotor is designed. The main components are made of printed circuit films. Hence، the encoder can be set up in thin inter spaces. The encoder consists of a receiving stator and a transmitter rotor، respectively containing four-phase and two-phase electrodes. In order to designs an un-tethered rotor; the encoder employs a unique approach. Electrical power is supplied to the transmitter rotor by electrostatic induction without any physical contact. This un-tethered rotor can facilitate sensitive applications that a mechanical disturbance caused by an electric wire can be a problem. In this study the encoder was built and its performance was evaluated. The result of experimental evaluation shows that the encoder has max ± 0. 09 degree error.

In this paper, an improved sample of Capacitive-type linear encoder with untethered slider is presented that has higher resolution and lower error. This encoder has a simple structure consisting of two main parts, stator and slider. Both parts are made of hard PCB. The stator has a sequence of four-phase receiver electrodes and the slider contains two-phase transmitter electrodes. The electrical energy is supplied to transmitter electrodes by the electrostatic induction. Therefore, there is no need to connect any wire to the slider. These features make the encoder to use in limited spaces. By improving resolution, smooth and precise movement of motors is facilitated in the closed loop systems. Thus, the improved encoder is equipped with two ground electrodes between the receiver electrodes and induction electrodes on the stator board to reduce electrostatic interface between these electrodes. As, output error goes down. In addition, the step of electrodes are reduced to increase resolution. Making an experimental sample of improved encoder and testing it, showed 15μ m error in 1μ m resolution. This indicates, the error and resolution are improved than the previous one.

Linear and angular displacement measuring encoders are the most important measuring tools in the industry. Linear encoders are widely used in various positioning applications, such as numerical controlled (NC) machine tools and factory automation, since they are essential for precision positioning systems. In this study, a Capacitive-type linear encoder with un-tethered slider is designed. The main components are made of printed circuit films. Hence, the encoder can be set up in thin inter spaces or on curved surfaces. The encoder consists of a long receiver film and a short transmitter film, respectively containing four-phase and two-phase electrodes. The transmitter is used as a slider and the receiver as a stator. In order to designs an unconstrained slider; the encoder employs a unique approach. Electrical power is supplied to the transmitter film by electrostatic induction which removes electric wires from the slider. In this study the encoder was built using a new signal processing circuit and its performance was evaluated. The new signal processing circuit is more compact and facilitates using this encoder for trade purposes. The result of experimental evaluation shows that the encoder has ±20 micrometers error.

Conventional Flux Compression Generators (FCG"s) are used to generate high power ‎DC pulses. A new kind of (FCG"s) with series capacitance called Capacitive Flux ‎Compression Generator (CFCG) will be introduced and explained in this paper. This ‎new kind is used to generate modulated high power pulses. There are some problems ‎to establish a capacitance in high power and high frequency applications. In the ‎present paper several practical methods will be addresed to make capacitance in high ‎power and high frequency applications‎‏.‏

This paper presents a high-speed, low-power and low area encoder for implementation of flash ADCs. Key technique for design of this encoder is performed by convert the conventional 1-of-N thermometer code to 2-of-M codes (M = ¾ N). The proposed encoder is composed from two-stage; in the first stage, thermometer code are converted to 2-of-M codes by used 2-input AND and 4-input compound AND-OR gates. In the second stage by two ROM encoders, 2-of-M codes determine n-1 MSB bits and one LSB bit. The advantages of the proposed encoder rather than other similar works are high speed, low power consumption, low active area, and low latency with same bubble error removing capability. To demonstrate the mention specifications, 5-bit flash ADCs with conventional and proposed encoders in their encoder blocks, are simulated at 2-GS/s and 3. 5-GS/s sampling rates in 0. 18-μ m CMOS process. Simulation results show that the ENOB of flash ADCs with conventional and proposed encoders are equal. In this case, the proposed encoder outputs are determined almost 30-ps faster rather than the conventional encoder at 2-GS/s. Also, the power consumptions of the conventional and proposed encoders were 17. 94-mW and 11. 74-mW at 3. 5-GS/s sampling rate from a 1. 8-V supply, respectively. Corresponding, latencies of the conventional and proposed encoders were 3 and 2 clock cycles. In this case, number of TSPC D-FFs and logic gates of the proposed encoder is decreased almost 39% compared to the conventional encoder.

Nowadays, the use of hardware/software codesign has grown dramatically in the design of embedded systems since it can improve the processing power, system efficiency, and the total cost of production. In this method, some parts of the system are implemented in hardware and the other parts are implemented in software in order to satisfy the system constraints, including power consumption, area and processing time. This paper proposes a parallel architecture for motion estimation in HEVC encoder. In the proposed method, the motion estimation part of the encoder, which has a high computational complexity, is implemented in hardware, and the computational complexity of this part is improved using parallel processing. The hardware implementation of motion estimation part is much less complex than the adopted HM reference software, making it more suitable for embedded systems. Experimental results show a significant improvement over software implementation.

In this paper, implementing a guard-ring electrode in a Capacitive transducer system is described.The performance of the transducers with and without a guard-ring in terms of output linearity and dynamic range is investigated and deviations from the expected theoretical results are reported.The two-terminal capacitors perform well only for a small gap distance in the range of 2-3 mm while the three-terminal sensor (50 mm diameter) demonstrates a very good performance for a wide range of 0.5-5 mm. For a gap distance of 3 mm. the slope deviation for the sensors without a guard-ring is in the range of 15%-29%. Whereas for the system with a guard-ring is only 6%, which clearly shows the range effectiveness of the third electrode for such transducer systems.